Medieval Reliquary Cross
Date: AD 1400-1550
Material: Gold
Found: Near Petersfield
This medieval reliquary cross is a rare and significant object in our collection. Dating between 1400 and 1550 AD, it offers a glimpse into religious devotion and craftsmanship of the period.
The reliquary, measuring just 20mm by 16mm, takes the form of a four-armed cross with a hollow back, designed to house a sacred relic. The front is decorated with an incised image of the crucifixion of Jesus, supported by a larger crowned figure believed to represent God the Father. His bearded head is visible above the cross, and his arms hold Christ’s outstretched limbs. The figure of God has puffed and slashed sleeves, a style popular in the late 15th and early 16th centuries, add to the rich detail of this piece.
A suspension loop at the top indicates it would have been possibly worn around the neck or suspended from the belt of a clergyman or devout traveler. The hollow back would have originally been secured by a pin or hinge, allowing access to the relic inside. Reliquaries like this were widespread across Europe, particularly before the English Reformation in the 16th century, when relic veneration declined.
A Connection to Petersfield’s Past
Discovered on the outskirts of Petersfield near a historic road, this reliquary offers insights into the town’s medieval history. During this period, Petersfield was an important stop on routes connecting Chichester, London, Portsmouth and Winchester. Clergy, merchants and travelers passed through, and this reliquary was likely lost or left behind by one such individual.
At the time of its creation, Henry VII was expanding Portsmouth’s docks, increasing travel and trade along these historic routes. This object helps tell the broader story of movement, faith, and medieval life in Petersfield.
Significance in the Collection
Petersfield Museum and Art Gallery holds only a few medieval artefacts, making this reliquary an important part of our collection. As a gold object of historical and religious significance, it also qualifies as treasure under the Treasure Act 1996. By preserving and sharing its story, we aim to highlight the role of religious devotion and travel in shaping the town’s past.
The Reliquary has been recorded with the Portable Antiquities Scheme (SUSS-8FB621), you can find the full listing here.